1. Surfactant bakeng sa tšebeliso e boima ea oli

Ka lebaka la viscosity e phahameng le metsi a futsanehileng a oli e boima, e tlisa mathata a mangata ho sebelisoa hampe. Bakeng sa ho sebelisa hampe lioli tsena tse boima, ka linako tse ling ho hlokahala hore ho kenngoe tharollo e nang le metsi a mangata selibeng ho fetolela oli e boima ba viscosity hore e be emulsion ea oli-ka-metsing e tlase. Li-surfactants tse sebelisitsoeng ho mokhoa ona o motenya oa emulsification ea oli le phokotso ea viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulphate letsoai la sodium, jj. E hloka ho arola metsi le ho sebelisa baetsi ba bang ba ts'ebetso ea indasteri e le litlamorao bakeng sa ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng. Li-demulsifiers tsena ke li-emulsifiers tsa metsi-ka-oli. Tse sebelisoang hangata ke li-cationic surfactants kapa naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid le matsoai a tsona a tšepe a polyvalent. Bakeng sa oli e khethehileng e boima, mekhoa e tloahelehileng ea ho ntša metsi e ke ke ea sebelisoa, 'me ho hlokahala ente ea mouoane molemong oa ho fola. Ho ntlafatsa matla a ho hlaphoheloa hoa mocheso, ho hlokahala li-surfactants. Ho kenya foam ka hara ente ea mouoane hantle, ke hore, ho kenya moemeli oa mocheso o phahameng o futhumatsang le khase e sa thibeloeng ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa lentsoe.

Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hangata tse sebelisoang ke lephoka ke alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether le sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa gemini, jj. Hobane li-surfactants tse nang le fluorine li na le tšebetso e phahameng ea metsi mme li tsitsitse ho asiti , oksijene, mocheso le oli, li-surfactants tse nang le fluorine ke li-agent tse loketseng mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso. Bakeng sa ho etsa hore oli e qhalakantsoeng e be bonolo ho feta sebopeho sa 'metso oa pore, kapa ho etsa hore oli e kaholimo ho sebopeho e le bonolo ho lelekoa, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe surfactant e bitsoang mochini o monyane oa filimi o hasanyang moemeli. Hangata ho sebelisoa li-gemini surfactants le li-alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Ho sebelisoa hampe ha oli e sa tsoakoang e nang le boka ba linotsi le li-surfactants ho hloka taolo ea boka le ho tlosoa ha boka. Li-surfactants li sebetsa joalo ka linhibitors tsa boka le ho tlosa boka. Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang metsing li sebelisetsoa ho thibela boka. Ea pele e bapala karolo ea thibelo ea boka ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba boka ba boka. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang hangata tse qhibilihang ka oli ke petroleum sulfonate le li-amine surfactants. Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsi li bapala karolo ea thibelo ea boka ka ho fetola litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba boka (joalo ka li-tubing, li-sucker rod le lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa). Li-surfactants tse ka sebelisoang ke sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, monko o monate oa polyoxyethylene ether le matsoai a tsona a sodium sulfonate. Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho tlosoa ha boka ba linotsi li boetse li arotsoe likarolo tse peli, e qhibilihang ka oli bakeng sa ho tlosa boka ba oli, mofuta o qhibilihang ka metsi oa sulfonate, mofuta oa quaternary ammonium letsoai, mofuta oa polyether, mofuta oa Tween le li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa OP li sebelisoa e le lintho tse tlosang boka ba metsi. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka bobeli malapeng le mose ho maoatle li kopantse ho tlosoa ha boka le thibelo, hammoho le ho tlosa boka ba oli le ho tlosa boka ba metsi, ho hlahisa boka ba boka ba lebasetere. Moemeli ona oa ho tlosa boka o sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate le li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate joalo ka karolo ea oli, le emulsifier e nang le ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa boka joaloka karolo ea metsi. Ha emulsifier e khethiloeng e le sebapali se sa sebetseng se nang le leru se loketseng, se ka etsoa hore se fihle kapa se fete ntlha ea sona ea leru mochesong o ka tlase ho karolo ea boka ba oli, e le hore mochini o tlotsang boka pele a kena karolong ea boka. emulsion e robehile, mme mefuta e 'meli ea boka ba ho tlosa boka e arotsoe,' me e bapala karolo ea boka ba boka ka nako e le 'ngoe.

3. Surfactant e sebelisitsoeng ho tsitsisa letsopa

Karolo e tsitsitseng ea letsopa e thibela lirafshoa tsa letsopa ho ruruha ebile e thibela likaroloana tsa liminerale tsa letsopa ho falla. E ka sebelisoa ho thibela letsopa ho ruruha, joalo ka mofuta oa letsoai la amine, mofuta oa letsoai la quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa letsoai la pyridine, letsoai la imidazoline le tse ling tse sebetsang ka har'a cationic. Li-surfactants tse se nang ionic-cationic tse nang le fluorine lia fumaneha ho thibela ho falla ha likaroloana tsa liminerale tsa letsopa.

4. Li-surfactants tse sebelisitsoeng molemong oa acidification

Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa phello ea acidification, hangata ho eketsoa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhokahanyo tharollong ea asiti. Sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se sebetsang hantle se ka tsamaellanang le asiti le se phatlalatsoang habonolo ke sebopeho se ka sebelisoa e le se tlisang acidification. Joalo ka mafura a amine hydrochloride, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, letsoai la pyridine ho li-surfactants tsa cationic le polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate e letsoai kapa sulfate e letsoai ho li-surfactants tsa amphoteric Base phenol ether joalo-joalo. Li-surfactant tse ling, joalo ka dodecyl sulfonic acid le matsoai a eona a alkyl amine, li ka emisa asiti ka har'a oli ho hlahisa emulsion ea acid-ka-oli. Emulsion ena e sebelisoa e le mokelikeli oa liindasteri oa acidification hape e na le phello e liehang.

Li-surfactant tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifiers bakeng sa maro a nang le asiti. Li-surfactants tse nang le meaho e metenya joalo ka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether le polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine e ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifiers tsa acidification. Li-surfactants tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le lithuso tsa ho felloa ke matla, joalo ka mofuta oa letsoai la amine, mofuta oa letsoai la quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa letsoai la pyridine, li-surfactants tse se nang ionic, amphoteric le fluorinated.