1. Ha e sebetse

Hona le mefuta e mengata ea li-surfactants. Ho latela lihlahisoa tsa bona, ke: anionic 56%, non-ionic 36%, zwitterionic 5%, le cation 3%.

2. Anionic e sa sebetseng

2.1 Anionic surfactant sulfonate. Tse sebelisoang haholo mofuteng ona ke sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate le sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate. Sodium linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, e tsejoang hape e le LAS kapa ABS, ke phofo e tšoeu kapa e bobebe e mosehla kapa flake e tiileng, e qhibilihang ka metsing, leha e na le ho qhibiliha ho fokolang ha metsi maemong a batang haholo, 'me ho qhibiliha ha eona metsing mocheso oa kamore o ka tlase ho 3. Empa e na le solubility e ntle tsamaisong ea komponeng surfactant.

Alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate e boetse e tsejoa e le AOS. Ha litaba tse sebetsang li le 38% -40%, ponahalo ke mokelikeli o mosehla o bonaletsang, o qhibilihang habonolo metsing. E na le botsitso bo botle mefuteng e fapaneng ea litekanyetso tsa pH. E na le ho teneha ho fokolang letlalong 'me sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko ke 100%. Har'a tsona, LAS hangata ha e sebelisoe ka li-shampoo, 'me ha e sebelisoe hangata ka metsi a ho hlapa. E sebelisoa khafetsa ho sesepa sa ho hlatsoetsa metsi le lisepa tsa ho hlatsoetsa (tableware liquid lotions). LAS ka sesepa e ka ikarabella bakeng sa halofo ea motho e mong le e mong ea sebetsanang le ho sebetsa, mme mefuta ea phetoho e nepahetseng ea karolo ea LA ho sesepa sa metsi bakeng sa liaparo e pharalletse haholo.

AOS e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea sulfonate. E na le melemo ea li-sulfonate tse akaretsang kapa melemo ea eona e hlahelletse haholo, ntle le liphoso tsa sulfonate ka kakaretso. AOS ke e 'ngoe ea li-surfactants tsa mantlha tse sebelisoang haholo ho li-shampoo le lino tse tahang. Ts'ebeliso ea lisepa tse ling tsa metsi e tla nyoloha hanyane ka hanyane ka ho bona tlhahiso ea lehae (phokotso ea litheko). Melemo e ikhethang ea AOS ke botsitso bo botle, ho qhibiliha ha metsi hantle, tšebelisano 'moho, ho teneha hanyane, le ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko hantle; Bothata bo hlahelletseng ke hore theko e theko e phahameng ho feta li-anionic surfactants.

2.2 Anionic surfactant sulfate

Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse joalo ke mafura a joala polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate le sodium lauryl sulfate. Mafura a joala polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate ke alias AES, joala ether sodium sulfate. E qhibiliha habonolo ka metsing, ponahalo e na le mokelikeli o mosehla o mosehla (o fetohang) ha litaba tse sebetsang li le 70%, 'me botsitso bo le tlase ho li-sulfonate ka kakaretso. E hydrolyzed kapele ka tlase ho pH4, empa e na le botsitso bo botle ba hydrolytic tikolohong ea alkaline.

Sodium lauryl sulphate e boetse e tsebahala e le AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulphate, moemeli ea phophomang. E qhibiliha ka metsing, 'me ho qhibiliha ha metsi ho 25 ° C ho ka ba 15, empa tekanyo ea ho qhibiliha ha metsi e tlase ho AES. Ha e utloisise metsi a alkali le a thata, empa botsitso tlasa maemo a acidic bo tlase ho sulfonate ka kakaretso, haufi le AES, ho futhumatsa ha nako e telele ha hoa lokela ho feta 95 ℃, ho halefa ho maemong a bohareng ba surfactant, 10% tharollo ea ho halefa ea tharollo. 3.3, e tlase ka tlase ho AES, e tlase ho feta LAS.

AES e ka sebelisoa ho shampoo, metsi a shaoara, sesepa se hlatsoang lijana (metsi a hlatsoang lijana), le sesepa sa metsi sa liaparo. Ha e sebelisoa, haeba boleng ba boleng ba boleng ba pH bo lumella, boleng ba pH bo lokela ho fetoloa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, joalo ka ho se nke lehlakore kapa alkaline. Ha AES e tlameha ho sebelisoa tlasa maemo a tlase a pH (ka shampoo), letsoai la eona la ethanolamine le sebelisoa hangata. Botsoako ba metsi ba AES bo betere ho feta ba AS; e ka hlophisoa ka karolo efe kapa efe ea tharollo ea metsi e pepeneneng mochesong oa kamore. AES ha e sebelisoe feela ka bongata ho sesepa sa metsi ho feta LAS, empa hape e sebelisana hantle; e ka kopanngoa le li-surfactants tse ngata ka li-binary kapa ka mefuta e mengata ho etsa tharollo e hlakileng ea metsi. Har'a lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso, AES e maemong a boraro, 'me theko e tlase ho feta ea AS. Ka 2002, 70% AES e ile ea rekisoa ka li-yuan tse 8 500 / t. Melemo e hlahelletseng ea AES ke ho teneha ho tlase, ho qhibiliha ha metsi hantle, ho sebelisana hantle le ts'ebetso e ntle ho thibela ho omella ha letlalo le ho ba thata; Bothata ke hore botsitso mecheng ea litaba tsa asiti bo bobebe hanyane-pH e tlameha ho laoloa hore e be kholo ho feta 4, mme ts'ireletso e tlase ho LAS, AS.

JOALOKAHA e sebelisoa ho sesepa sa metsi, ela hloko maemo a mahareng a pH-acidity ha e phahameng haholo; letsoai la ethanolamine kapa letsoai la ammonium le tlameha ho sebelisoa ka shampoo; letsoai la ethanolamine kapa letsoai la ammonium hangata le sebelisoa ka mokelikeli oa shaoara. Ho sebelisa letsoai la ethanolamine ho ke ke ha eketsa feela botsitso ba ho hanyetsa acid, empa hape ho thusa ho fokotsa ho teneha. 10% triethanolamine letsoai le susumetsang index. Maqhubu a ts'ebeliso ea AS ho sesepa sa ho hlatsoa lijana a metsi a tlase, 'me ha e sebelisoe hangata joalo ka sebatli se ka sehloohong, ke hore, palo ea lebese le lenyane. Lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore ha ho rate ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa sehlahisoa. Taba ea bobeli, mofuta ona oa sehlahisoa ha o na tlhoko ea ho fofa. JOALOKAHA palo ea 5 ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso, 'me theko e batla e phahame. Ka 2002, theko ea phofshoana e ne e le li-yuan / t tse 15,000. Ntle le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea phophomang le ts'ireletso e matla, AS ha e tšoane le AES maemong a mang. Ka mohlala, ho hanyetsa acid le botsitso li batla li le mpe le ho feta, 'me ho teneha ho batla ho le hoholo — e ka tlase ho LAS feela,' me theko ke eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa har'a baetsi ba li-anionic ba tloaelehileng.

3. Nonionic e sa sebetseng

Mefuta e meholo ea li-surfactants tse se nang ionic ke li-alkyl alcohol amides (FFA), mafura a joala a polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE kapa OP). Li-surfactants tse se nang ionic li na le solubilization e ntle, ho hlatsoa, ​​antistatic, ho teneha ho tlase, khalsiamo ea sesepa sa khalsiamo, jj .; mefuta ea pH ea nnete e pharalletse ho feta li-surfactants tsa ionic tse akaretsang; e tlosa litšila le thepa e phophomang. , Lintho tse ling hangata li betere ho feta li-anionic surfactants tse akaretsang. Liteko li bonts'a hore ho eketsa li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic ho li-ionic tse sebetsang ho ka eketsa ts'ebetso ea bokaholimo ba sistimi-ha e bapisoa le lintho tse tšoanang tse sebetsang.

Li-alide tsa alkyl alcohol ke sehlopha sa li-surfactants tse se nang ionic tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'ebeliso e fapaneng le tšebeliso e phahameng ea maqhubu. Li sebelisoa khafetsa mefuteng e fapaneng ea sesepa sa metsi. Li-alkyl alcohol alide tse sebelisoang hangata ho li-detergents tsa metsi ke "2: 1 amide" le "1.5: 1 amide", le "1: 1 amide" le tsona li ka sebelisoa. Lintlha tsena tse tharo li na le litšoantšiso tse fapaneng mabapi le ho qhibiliha ha metsi le ho tenya. Ka kakaretso, "1.5: 1 amide" e itekanetse haholo, mme e sebelisoa haholo ho sesepa. Hangata, "1: 1 amide" e sebelisoa hammoho le tse ling tse sebetsang ka metsi tse qhibilihang ka har'a metsi ho qhala habonolo. Li-amide tsa alkyl alcohol li loketse lisebelisoa tsa alkaline, hape li ka sebelisoa ho sesepa sa asiti ka kakaretso. Alkyl alcohol amide ke e 'ngoe ea li-surfactants tse theko e tlaase haholo tseo e seng tsa ionic, theko ea 2002 e ne e le li-yuan / t tse 7 800. Li-alkyl alcohol alide li sebelisoa khafetsa ho li-detergent tsa metsi ho feta mafura a joala a polyoxyethylene alcohol. Li-surfactants tsa nonionic tse sebelisoang ho shampoo hangata li-alkyl alcohol amides. Mabaka a ka ba hore: mesebetsi e felletseng ea FFA e betere kapa e feta AE; Lihlahisoa tsa FFA li theko e tlase ho feta AE; Ho qhibiliha ha FFA ho betere ho feta AE; Thepa ea FFA e phophomang e betere ho feta AE.

4. Li-surfactant tsa Zwitterionic

Li-surfactants tsa Amphoteric li bua ka li-surfactants tse nang le lihlopha tsa anionic le cationic hydrophilic, ka hona motho enoa ea sebetsang hantle ke cationic ka tharollo ea asiti, litharollo tsa anionic ka alkaline, le tse tšoanang le tharollo e sa nke lehlakore Tlhaho e seng ea ionic. Li-surfactants tsa li-amphoteric li qhibiliha habonolo ka metsing, li qhibiliha ka tharollo ea acid e nang le alkali, ebile e ka qhibiliha ka har'a tharollo ea letsoai le sa tloaelehang. Ba na le bothata bo botle ba ho thibela metsi, ho halefa ha letlalo, bonolo ba lesela le thepa ea antistatic. E ntle, e na le phello e ntle ea bactericidal, ebile e sebelisana hantle le li-surfactants tse fapaneng.

Sehlahisoa sa mofuta ona se ka sebelisoa ka bongata ba pH, empa ho tloha ponong ea naha ea ione e tsamaellanang tlasa maemo a fapaneng a acid-base, ts'ebetso tlasa maemo a acidic le a sa nke lehlakore e lokela ho ba betere ho feta maemo a alkaline. Ka kakaretso, theko ea li-surfactants tsa zwitterionic e phahame ho feta tsa li-surfactants tsa nonionic.

Mefuta ea bohlokoa ea amphoteric surfactant e kenyelletsa dodecyl dimethyl betaine, carboxylate mofuta imidazoline joalo-joalo. Ha li bapisoa le li-anionic surfactants, li-nonionic surfact li na le ts'ebetso e phethahetseng mme li na le liphoso tse fokolang-ke feela detergency le foam e mpe ho feta; ha e bapisoa le li-surfactants tse sa sebetseng, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa li-amphoteric surfactants li betere, Ts'ebetso e 'ngoe ha e salletse morao. Li-surfactant tsa Amphoteric li na le bokhoni bo betere ba ho fofa ho feta basebetsi ba kakaretso ba li-nonionic - boiphihlelo bo bobe ba A foam; bacteric5 e betere. Cationic e sebetsang hantle

Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea cationic surfactant e kenyelletsa cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic Silicone oli, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2) joalo-joalo. Li-surfactants tsa Cationic li fapane le li-surfactants tse ling. Li na le litšila tse fokolang le thepa e phophomang, 'me hangata li na le chefo e halefisang (tlase).

Li-surfactant tsa Cationic li sebelisoa e le li-co-surfactants ho sesepa sa metsi-karolo ea conditioner e nang le lebasetere le lenyane; Li sebelisoa ka kakaretso ho lihlahisoa tsa maemo a holimo, haholo-holo tse sebelisoang ka shampoo. Li-surfactants tsa Cationic ha li sebelisane ka kotloloho le li-anionic surfactants. Tšebelisano ea li-cations le anion e ka hlahisa litholoana tse ntle, empa kotsi ea pula (crystallization) e kholo.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-cationic surfactants tse sebelisoang ka shampoo, 'me makhetlo a ts'ebeliso le ona a batla a hasane-ho fapana le ho sebelisa mofuta o le mong kapa e' meli ka matla, hangata a etsoa li-conditioner. Li-surfactants tsa Cationic li na le karolo e nyane e hlahisoang ke li-surfactants, mme litheko tsa tsona hangata li theko e phahameng ho feta mefuta e meng ea li-surfactants. Ha li bapisoa le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-surfactants, li-cationic surfactants li na le phello e hlahelletseng ea phetoho le phello e matla ea baktheria; leha ho na le likotsi tsa ho hlatsuoa hampe, ho fokola ka matla, ho se lumellane hantle, ho teneha ho hoholo, le theko e phahameng, ke karolo ea moemeli oa maemo a shampoo ea mokelikeli e phahameng e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mefuta e meng ea li-surfactants. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore li-cationic surfactants li ka sebelisoa feela e le lisebelisoa tsa moemeli kapa li-bactericides.