1. Kakaretso

Li-surfactants tsa Amphoteric li bua ka lihlopha tse peli tsa cationic hydrophilic le li-anionic hydrophobic ka sebopeho sa limolek'hule, tse ka kenngoang ka tharollo ea metsi le ho bonts'a litšobotsi tsa li-anionic surfactants tlasa maemo a itseng a mahareng, empa tlasa maemo a mang a mahareng Ke sehlopha sa li-surfactants tse Bontša litšobotsi tsa li-surfactants tsa cationic.

Li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa Betaine li bua ka sehlopha sa metsoako eo sebopeho sa eona se ts'oanang le sa betaine ea sehlahisoa sa tlhaho. Lebitso la lik'hemik'hale la betaine ke trimethylammonium acetate. Ke sehlahisoa sa tlhaho se fumanoeng ke Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) mme se arotsoe ho lero la beet. Scheibler o bitsoa betaine beta-in ka mor'a lebitso la eona la Selatine beta vulgaris.

Ka 1876, Bruhl o ile a amohela poleloana ea betaine mme a etsa tlhahiso ea hore metsoako e nang le likarolo tse tšoanang joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho e reoe "ho betha", E leng mofuta oa betaine amphoteric surfactants. Mofuta oa Betaine amphoteric surfactants o ka aroloa ka mofuta oa acid ea carboxylic, mofuta oa acid ea sulfonic, mofuta oa sulfate, mofuta oa sulfite, mofuta oa phosphate, mofuta oa phosphite, mofuta oa acid ea phosphonic le mofuta oa phosphonite ho latela mofuta oa sehlopha sa acid. . Hajoale, lipatlisiso tsa malapeng tsa li-betaine surfactants li sebetsa haholo. Har'a tsona, mofuta oa acid ea carboxylic, mofuta oa acid ea sulfonic le lihlahisoa tsa mofuta oa phosphate li tlalehiloe haholo.

Boholo ba litsi tsa litefiso tse ntle tsa li-amphoteric surfactants tsa mofuta oa betaine li tšehetsoa ho liathomo tsa ammatine tsa quaternary, ha litsi tsa litefiso tse mpe li tšehetsoa lihlopheng tsa asiti tse lefisitsoeng hampe. Phapang lipakeng tsa li-amphoteric surfactants tsa mofuta oa betaine le tse ling tsa li-amphoteric ke hore ka lebaka la boteng ba naetrojene ea ammonium ea molek'hule, e ke ke ea ba teng ka mokhoa oa li-anionic surfactants ka tharollo ea alkaline. Mefuta e fapaneng ea pH, li-amphoteric surfactants tsa mofuta oa betaine li tla ba teng feela ka sebopeho sa li-surfactants tsa zwitterionic kapa cationic. Ka hona, sebakeng sa isoelectric, li-betaine amphoteric surfactants ha li na tšekamelo ea ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha solubility joalo ka li-surfactants tse ling tsa amphoteric tse nang le naetrojene e fokolang ea mantlha.

Mofuta oa Betaine amphoteric surfactants le ona o fapane le li-cationic surfactants. Bafuputsi ba bang (Beckett AH 1963) ba lumela hore e lokela ho aroloa e le "quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; CD ea Moore (1960) e lumela hore e lokela ho hlalosoa e le "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". Ho fapana le li-cationic surfactants tse kang "external quaternary ammonium salt surfactants", betaine ea mofuta oa amphoteric surfactants e ka sebelisoa e kopane le li-anionic surfactants mme e ke ke ea theha metsoako "e sa nke lehlakore ka motlakase".

Betaine ba mofuta oa amphoteric surfactants ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-surfactants tsa amphoteric. E na le tšebelisano e ntlehali le li-anionic, cationic le li-surfactants tsa nonionic, e na le litlamorao tse ntle tsa tšebelisano 'moho ebile e bonolo ka tlhaho. E na le thepa e ntle ea antistatic, thepa ea bactericidal, e thibelang likokoana-hloko, ebile e ka senyeha habonolo. E sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lik'hemik'hale ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka ho teba ha lipatlisiso, li-surfactants tse ling tsa mofuta oa betaine li tla etsoa le ho sebelisoa.

2. Khatelo-pele ea lipatlisiso ea li-surfactant tsa mofuta oa betaine

Khale koana ka 1869, Liebreich O. o ile a sebelisa trimethylamine ho lokisa betaine; ka 1937, tlaleho ea pele ea litokelo tsa molao ea li-amphoteric surfactants e ile ea hlaha United Kingdom, 'me ka 1940 DuPont e tlaleha letoto la pele la betaine (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Ho tloha ka nako eo, linaha tse fapaneng li se li qalile ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho nts'etsapele li-amphoteric surfactants ho kenyelletsa le metsoako ea betaine. Ka ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha eabasebelisi ba betaine, lebelo la lipatlisiso lefapheng lena le lona lea eketseha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lihlahisoa tse ngata tse ncha li se li hlahisitsoe.

Xu Jinyun et al. e lokiselitse octadecyl betaine e nang le amine ea octadecyl e phahameng, chloroacetic acid, le sodium hydroxide e le lisebelisoa tse tala, mme e lekile khatello ea eona ea bokaholimo, thepa ea antistatic, thepa ea emulsifying le thepa e meng ea ts'ebeliso. Base betaine e ne e bapisoa. Zhang Li le ba bang le bona ba entse lipatlisiso ka sebopeho sa k'hemistri sa motho enoa ea sebetsang ka matla, joalo ka tsitsipano ea bokaholimo, microemulsion le likarolo tsa sebopeho.

Chen Zonggang le ba bang ba ile ba arabela ka asidi ea stearic le triethanolamine ho hlahisa triethanolamine stearate, mme ba laola karolelano ea li-reactants ho etsa sehlahisoa haholo-holo e le sesebelisoa, ebe ba arabela ka quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate ho hlahisa triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Sesebelisoa sena se sebetsang se ka sebelisoa e le moemeli ea nolofatsang bakeng sa khatiso le ho daea. Bonolo ba eona bo haufi le oli ea silicone ea amino, ho soeufala ha eona le ho ba mongobo ha eona ho betere ho feta oli ea silicone ea amino, mme e ka senyeha habonolo. Ke sehlahisoa se bolokang tikoloho.

FangYiwen etal. e entsoeng ka lauroamidopropyl betaine e nang le N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine le sodium chloroacetate e le lisebelisoa tse tala. Sehlahisoa sena se na le foam e phahameng, botsitso ba foam le thepa ea ho tenya. , Ho sebelisana hantle le lisebelisoa tse ling ka shampoo.

Chen Hongling et al. synthesized tse peli sulfoimidazolineho betha ho sebelisa sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate joalo ka sesebelisoa sa hydrophilic base le alkyl imidazoline mme ba leka liteko tsa bona tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale. Morero oa sebopeho ke o latelang.

Jiang Liubo e fumana N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine ka ho tlosa sodium chloride ho tsoa sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate le lauramide dimethylpropylamine ka karabelo, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe Lipontšo tsa tekheniki li tsamaellana le lihlahisoa tsa lebitso la kantle. E na le ts'ebetso e bonolo, ho teneha ho tlase haholo, foam e ruileng le e ntle, le khanyetso e ntle ea metsi le nyatso.

Nonglanping e sebelisa dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol le dimethylamine e le lisebelisoa tse tala, le P2O5 e le phosphorylation reagent, 'me lebitso la maiketsetso ke 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. arotsoe le ho hloekisoa dehydroabietylamine ho tsoa ho rosin amine e sa aroloang, ebe e kopanya N-dehydroabietyl-N ka N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine e le ntho e tala. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine le chloride ea eona ke mefuta e 'meli e mecha ea li-surfactants tsa betaine amphoteric.

 

Wang Jun et al. e hlophisitse mofuta oa betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine le epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite le tertiary dodecyl amine e le lisebelisoa tse tala, maemo a karabelo a ntlafalitsoe.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. e hlophisitse li-surfactants tse ncha tsa mofuta oa betaine tse nang le polyoxyethylene ketane ka ho sebetsana le alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl terata ea amine e nang le asiti ea chloroacetic kapa chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Hlokomela tlhahiso ea liindasteri.

 

Linaha tsa kantle ho naha li ntse li le boemong bo etelletseng pele lebaleng la basebelisi ba betaine, mme mosebetsi oa bona oa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele o lokeloa ke tlhokomelo e felletseng le ts'upiso ea boithuto. Mohlala, Chew, CH, jj e kopantse polymer AUDMAA ea mofuta oa betaine e nang le acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol le aminoacetic acid. Khakanyo ea eona ea micelle e mahlonoko ho 24 ℃ ke 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Matla a ts'ebetso ea polymerization ke 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. ho entsoe li-surfactants tse peli tse ncha tsa mofuta oa betaine N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine le N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- e nang le asiti ea mafura a oli e le lihlahisoa tse tala. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho bile le lintlafatso tse ngata tse khahlisang 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale tsa basebelisi ba betaine. Mohlala: YousukeOne, jj. (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine, ho ile ha ithutoa boitšoaro ba dielectric ea tharollo ea micellar ea betaine surfactant. Ha e amane ka ho felletseng le li-micelles, 'me matla a boikhathollo a tharollo ea amphoteric surfactant a fetoha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le mohopolo, o ts'oanang le aminoglycolato betaine e nang le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa betaine empa e se sebatli se sebetsang hantle. Liphetho li bonts'a hore bokaholimo ba michel ea sebapali sa amphoteric le eona e na le motsotso o tšoanang oa dipole joalo ka tharollo ea glycine betaine.