Ho latela mokhoa oa tlhophiso oa lik'hemik'hale tsa lebala la oli, li-surfactants tsa lebala la oli li ka aroloa ke kopo hore e be li-surfactants bakeng sa ho cheka, li-surfactants bakeng sa merafo, li-surfactants bakeng sa ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa, li-surfactants bakeng sa pokello ea oli le khase le li-surfactants bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi, jj.

 

E sa sebetse bakeng sa ho cheka

Palo ea li-surfactants bakeng sa ho cheka (ho kenyelletsa le ho cheka lisebelisoa tsa kalafo ea mokelikeli le li-admixtures tsa samente ea oli) ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 60% ea li-surfactants tse sebelisoang masimong a oli. Palo ea li-surfactants bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e nyane, empa lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa mahlale li phahame. Palo ea eona e na le 1/3 ea palo eohle ea li-surfactants tse sebelisoang masimong a oli. Mefuta ena e 'meli ea lik'hemik'hale e maemong a bohlokoa ho li-surfactants masimong a oli.

 

Hajoale, patlisiso e mabapi le moemeli oa lefats'e oa kalafo ea mokelikeli e thehile boemo ba "litšiea tse tharo" United States, Russia le China. United States e nka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse ncha tsa polima e le ntho ea lipatlisiso. Russia e ipapisitse haholo le molao-motheo oa hore "lisebelisoa tse tala li theko e tlase ebile li fumaneha habonolo", le litšila tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Patlisiso ea China e shebane le ts'ebeliso e felletseng ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa setso le nts'etsopele ea lipolisi tse ncha tsa maiketsetso (ho kenyeletsoa monomers).

Sepheo sa lipatlisiso sa baemeli ba kalafo ea mokelikeli oa kantle ho naha se hlahelletse haholo, ke hore, lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse ipapisitseng le li-polymeri tsa maiketsetso tse nang le lihlopha tsa acid ea sulfonic, eo hape e leng tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea nako e tlang.

 

Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, moloko o mocha oa li-polymer 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) tse nang le li-copolymer tse ngata e se e le moemeli oa mahlahana a macha a kalafo ea mokelikeli. Tsoelo-pele ea Breaker e entsoe mefuteng ea li-viscosity reducer, li-reducer tsa tahlehelo ea metsi le li-lubricants. Haholo-holo lilemong tsa morao tjena, li-surfactants tsa joala tsa polymeric tse nang le phello ea leru li tumme 'me tsa sebelisoa makaleng ohle a oli ea lapeng le letotong la sistimi ea mokelikeli oa joala ea polymeric.

Ho feta moo, maro a methyl gluconate le glycerin a thehiloeng ho cheka a fihletse litholoana tse ntle lits'ebetsong tsa ts'imo, a bonts'a litebello tse ntle tsa ts'ebeliso le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea li-surfactants bakeng sa ho cheka maro. Hajoale, moemeli oa kalafo ea mokelikeli oa China o holile ho fihlela ho mekhahlelo e 18, mefuta e likete, ka ts'ebeliso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse ka bang 300,000.

 

Lilemong tsa bo-1980, li-admixtures tsa samente tsa oli li ile tsa hola ka potlako lilemong tsa bo-1980, 'me letoto la lihlahisoa tsa thehoa butle-butle. Ho nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ncha, thepa ea polasetiki ea maiketsetso ka kakaretso ke sete ea lipatlisiso tse ratoang; ka 1993, samente tsohle tsa seliba sa oli Chaena li ile tsa fetoloa letoto le fihletseng litekanyetso tsa API. Lihlahisoa le li-admixtures li tsoetse pele ka potlako. Khamphani e atlehile ho nts'etsapele oli e khethehileng ea samente ea samente ea SAF (sulfonated acetone formaldehyde polycondensate), e amanang haholo le boleng ba samente le tšireletso ea lera. Li-coagulants, li-retard le li-adhesive reinforcing agents le tsona li bontšitse tsoelo-pele e ntle ea kholo, 'me li thehile motsoako o khethehileng oa samente ea samente. Hajoale, e se e fetohile mefuta e fetang 200 ea mekhahlelo e 11, ka tekanyetso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse likete tse 'maloa.

 

Surfactant bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli

Ho na le mefuta e fokolang le bongata ba li-surfactants bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ha li bapisoa le li-surfactants bakeng sa ho cheka, haholo-holo bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa acidification le fracturing. Har'a li-surfactants bakeng sa ho robeha, li-gelling agents li fupulitsoe ho fetola meno ea tlhaho ea meroho le selulose, hammoho le lipolisi tse fapaneng tsa maiketsetso tse kang polyacrylamide.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha tsa kantle ho naha li tsoetse pele butle butle lebaleng la li-surfactants tse nang le asiti. Sepheo sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ke ho nts'etsopele ea li-inhibitors tsa kutu bakeng sa acidification. E tšoauoa ka ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse teng ho fetola kapa ho kopanya li-inhibitors tsa kutu. Lisebelisoa le lihlahisoa ha li na chefo kapa chefo e tlase, 'me lihlahisoa li na le ho qhibiliha ha oli / metsi kapa ho senyeha ha metsi.

Li-amine, quaternary ammonium le lino tse tahang tsa acetylenic li na le palo e kholo ea li-inhibitors tsa ts'enyeho, 'me aldehyde corrosion inhibitors ha e sa ntlafatsoa ka lebaka la chefo ea tsona. Corrosion inhibitors le tsona ke li-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid le li-amine tse tlase tsa limolek'hule (ethylamine, propylamine, amine ea mantlha ea C8-18, oleic acid diethanolamide), le li-emulsifiers ke li-emulsifiers tsa oli-ka-oli.

Haholo-holo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, patlisiso e mabapi le mahlahana a sebetsang ka holim'a metsi bakeng sa ho arola metsi a nang le asiti Chaena ha ea lekana, mme tsoelo-pele e nyane e entsoe. Ho tlatselletsa ho li-corrosion inhibitors bakeng sa mokelikeli o arolang acidification nakong ea nts'etsopele, ho na le mefuta e meng e mengata, eo boholo ba eona e leng li-amine (mantlha li-amines, tsa bobeli li-amines, tse phahameng amines, quaternary amide kapa metsoako ea tsona), imidazoline le lihlahisoa tsa eona le tsona ke sehlopha sa li-organic corrosion inhibitors tse sebelisoang ka bongata bo boholo.

 

Surfactants bakeng sa pokello ea oli le khase

Patlisiso, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactants bakeng sa pokello ea oli le khase le lipalangoang Chaena li qalile ka li-1960, mme hajoale ho na le mefuta e 14 le lihlahisoa tse makholo. Har'a tsona, demulsifier ea oli e sa tsoakoang ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa, 'me tlhoko ea selemo le selemo e ka ba lithane tse ka bang 20 000. Chaena e hlahisitse lihlahisoa tse loketseng tsa li-demulsifier bakeng sa masimo a fapaneng a oli, mefuta e mengata e fihlile boemong ba machabeng ka li-1990; Ha ho ntse ho tšolleloa lintho tse sithabetsang, tse ntlafatsang phallo, tse fokotsang viscosity le li-anti-wax ke tse fokolang, 'me boholo ba tsona ke bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse rarahaneng, lioli tse sa tsoakoang tse fapaneng li na le litlhoko le mathata a fapaneng bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ncha ka lebaka la litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa li-surfactants tse sebelisetsoang ho nyahamisa. , ntlafatso ea phallo, phokotso ea viscosity le merero ea ho tlosa boka.

 

Surfactant bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi tšimong ea oli 

. Moemeli oa kalafo ea metsi lebaleng la oli ke mofuta oa bohlokoa oa lik'hemik'hale lebaleng la oli nts'etsopele ea oli. Tekanyo ea selemo le selemo ea mahlahana a fapaneng a kalafo ea metsi e kaholimo ho lithane tse 60,000, tseo ho tsona li-surfactant li etsang 40%, leha li-surfactants kalafong ea metsi lebaleng la oli Tlhokahalo e kholo haholo, empa ho na le lipatlisiso tse fokolang ho li-surfactants tsa kalafo ea metsi Chaena Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-surfactants bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi lebaleng la oli ha e a phethela, 'me boholo ba lihlahisoa li tlisoa kantle ho indasteri ea kalafo ea metsi, empa ka lebaka la metsi a lebala la oli. Ho rarahana ha lihlahisoa tse hlahisitsoeng ka kotloloho ho tsoa kalafong ea metsi ea indasteri ha li sebetse hantle, ka linako tse ling ha li sebetse, ebile ha ho na setsi sa kalafo sa metsi sa oli se lebisitsoeng. Phuputso e tsoang kantle ho naha ea li-surfactants bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi e sebetsa haholo ho nts'etsopele ea li-flocculants, mme ho na le lihlahisoa tse ngata tse ntlafalitsoeng, empa ha ho na liphekolo tse ngata tsa likhoerekhoere bakeng sa libaka tsa oli le khase.

 

Surfactant bakeng sa hlaphoheloe oli phahameng

Boleng ba lihlahisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e phahameng linaheng tse ling li tsitsitse mme sekhahla sa tlhahiso se seholo. Hajoale, mefuta e meng ea li-surfactant le li-polymer bakeng sa ho fallisoa ha oli li se li thehiloe China, empa li ke ke tsa fihlela litlhoko tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e phahameng. Tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea li-alkylbenzene tse boima bakeng sa li-surfactants tse sebelisoang ho li-agent tse fallisang oli e ka tlase ho lithane tse 20 000, tse leng thata ho fihlela litlhoko, mme boima ba limolek'hule le kabo ea limolek'hule ha li tšoanele li-surfactants tse sebelisitsoeng ho lihlahisoa tsa oli tse fallisang.

Leha mosebetsi o mongata o entsoe ho motho ea sebetsanang le leqhubu, e ntse e ke ke ea fihlela litlhoko tsa likhohola tsa lebala la oli, hape ho na le mathata sekoleng sa tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa. Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Dagang le libaka tse ling tsa oli li se li sebelisitse likhohola tsa polymer, Daqing Oilfield e hahile semela sa polyacrylamide ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse 57,000, mme Shengli Oilfield e hahile semela sa polyacrylamide se hlahisang selemo le selemo ho feta lithane tse fetang 20,000.

Likhoebo tse ling tsa tlhahiso li na le matla a tlhahiso a fetang 100,000 t / selemo. Tlhokahalo ea hajoale ea selemo le selemo ea polima bakeng sa phalliso ea oli ke lithane tse mashome a likete. Sekala se ka fihlella litlhoko, empa boleng ba sehlahisoa (joalo ka bongata ba limolek'hule) Ho ntse ho na le lekhalo lipakeng tsa lona le ho qhibiliha, ho hanela mocheso le ho tlala letsoai. Har'a li-agent tse mafolofolo masimong a oli, li-surfactants tsa ho hlaphoheloa oli tse phahameng ke lik'hemik'hale tse tšepisang haholo.