- cationic surfactant
- Amine ea mantlha
- Li-Amine tsa Bobeli
- Amine ea phahameng
- Amine oxide
- Amine Ether
- Polyamine
- Ts'ebetso ea Amine & Amide
- Kettle sethothetsi
- Ho betha
- Mafura a Acid Chloride
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Mesebetsi e robong ea li-surfactant tsa cationic
E hatisitsoe: 20-12-11
1. Phello ea metsi
Ha se tiileng se kopana le mokelikeli, likhokahano tsa 'nete tse tiileng / khase le mokelikeli / khase lia nyamela ebe ho theoa sebopeho se secha se tiileng / mokelikeli. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa ho koloba. Mohlala, masela a masela ke ntho e mafura e nang le bokaholimo bo boholo. Ha tharollo e namela hammoho le fiber, e tla kena lekhalo lipakeng tsa likhoele ebe e leleka moea, e fetole sebopeho sa moea / fiber sa mantlha hore se be mokelikeli / fiber. Ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho kolobisa; ha tharollo e tla kenya fiber ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa ho kenella. Li-surfactants tse thusang ho koloba le ho kenella li bitsoa li-wetting le tse kenang.
2. Emulsification
Emulsification e bolela lino tse peli tse sa senyeheng (joalo ka oli le metsi), e 'ngoe ea eona e thehiloe ka ho hasanya ka mokhoa o ts'oanang likaroloana tse nyane haholo (boholo ba phatsa ea 10-8 ~ 10-5m) ka mokelikeli o mong Karolo ea emulsion. Marotholi a oli a qhalakantsoeng ka metsing a bitsoa li-emulsion tsa oli-ka-metsing (O / W), 'me marotholi a metsi a qhalakaneng ka lioli a bitsoa li-emulsion tsa metsi-ka-oli (W / O). Li-surfactants tse ka thusang emulsification li bitsoa emulsifiers. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang e le li-emulsifiers li na le mesebetsi e 'meli: botsitso le ts'ireletso.
(1) botsitso
Emulsifier e na le phello ea ho fokotsa tsitsipano e kenang lipakeng tsa maro a mabeli ho tsitsisa sistimi e kopaneng. Lebaka ke hobane ha oli (kapa metsi) a qhalakantsoe ka likaroloana tse ngata tse nyane ka metsing (kapa oli), sebaka seo ba ka ikopanyang le bona se holisoa, ho baka keketseho ea matla a sistimi le mmuso o sa tsitsang. Ha emulsifier e eketsoa, sehlopha sa lipophilic sa molek'hule ea emulsifier se kenella ka holim'a likaroloana tsa marotholi a oli ha sehlopha sa hydrophilic se kenella ka metsing, 'me se hokahane le holim'a marotholi a oli ho theha filimi ea molek'hule ea hydrophilic, eo e fokotsa tsitsipano ea oli / metsi, e fokotsang boemo ba matla ba sistimi mme e fokotsa ho hohela lipakeng tsa marotholi a oli, ho thibela marotholi a oli hore a se ke a bokellana hape a ikarola likarolong tse peli.
(2) Tšireletso
Filimi ea limolek'hule e sekametseng ho eona e entsoeng ke motho ea sebetsang sebakeng se ka holim'a marotholi a oli ke filimi e matla e sireletsang e ka thibelang marotholi a oli ho thula le ho bokella. Haeba ke filimi ea limolek'hule e sekametseng ho eona e entsoeng ke sebatli se sebetsang sa ionic, marotholi a oli le ona a tla lefisoa mofuta o tšoanang oa tefiso, o tla eketsa ho hlonama le ho thibela marotholi a oli ho bokellana nakong ea likotlo tse ngata khafetsa.
3.washing phello ea ho silafatsa
Ka lebaka la phello ea emulsification ea motho ea sebetsanang le ho sebetsa, mafura le likaroloana tsa mobu tse tsoang sebakeng se tiileng li ka emulsified hantle 'me tsa qhalakanngoa ka har'a tharollo ea metsi,' me ha li sa tla beoa holim'a metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho etsa ts'ilafalo hape.
Ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa oli ea mokelikeli kaholimo e hlalositsoe ka tlase ho bontša karolo ea li-surfactants. Matheba a oli a metsi qalong a ne a hasana holim'a metsi a tiileng. Ha li-surfactants li eketsoa, ka lebaka la tsitsipano e tlase ea metsi, tharollo e nang le metsi e sebetsang e potlakileng e hasana holim'a metsi a tiileng ebe e nosetsa lintho tse tiileng, 'me butle-butle e nkela litšila tsa oli sebaka. Matheba a oli a hasana holim'a metsi a tiileng butle-butle a kobeha marotholi a oli (leqhubu la ho ikopanya le ntse le eketseha hanyane ka hanyane, le fetoha ho tloha ho metsi ho ea ho metsi).
Hasana 4.suspension
Ts'ebetso ea ho qhalakanya lintho tse tiileng tse kenang ka har'a tharollo ka likaroloana tse nyane haholo ho theha ho emisoa e bitsoa ho hasana. Motho ea sebetsang ka leqhubu le khothalletsang ho hasana ha lintho tse tiileng mme a theha ho fanyeha ho tsitsitseng o bitsoa se hasaneng. Ebile, ha oli e sa tieang e emulsified mme e qhalakanngoa ka tharollo, ho thata ho khetholla hore na ts'ebetso e itseng ke emulsification kapa ho hasana, mme emulsifier le dispersant hangata ke ntho e le 'ngoe, ka hona, beha tsena tse peli ts'ebelisong ea' nete. Emulsifying le hasana moemeli.
Molao-motheo oa ketso ea ba hasanyang o ts'oana hantle le oa li-emulsifiers. Phapang ke hore likaroloana tse thata tse qhalakantsoeng hangata ha lia tsitsa ho feta marotholi a emulsified.
5.foaming e le hantle
Boemo ba khase e qhalakaneng ka mokelikeli bo bitsoa bubble. Haeba mokelikeli o itseng o le bonolo ho etsa filimi mme ho se bonolo ho o robeha, mokelikeli ona o tla hlahisa mebutlanyana e mengata ha e fehloa. Kamora hore foam e hlahisoe, bokaholimo ba khase / mokelikeli tsamaisong ena bo eketsehile haholo, bo etsa hore sisteme e se tsitse, ka hona foam e bonolo ho phatloha. Ha sebapali se kenngoang tharollong, limolek'hule tse sebetsanang le ho sebetsa ka matla li kenella khokahanong ea khase / mokelikeli, e seng feela ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea bokaholimo lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo ea khase / mokelikeli, empa hape e theha filimi ea monomolecular e nang le matla a itseng a ho etsa foam ho thata ho phatloha.
Litharollo tse nang le metsi a mangata li na le likhato tse fapaneng tsa phello ea foam. Ka kakaretso, li-anionic surfactants li na le thepa e matla ea ho fofa, ha basebetsi ba li-nonionic ba na le thepa e fokolang ea foam, haholo ha e sebelisoa kaholimo ho leru.
Hobane bokaholimo ba foam bo na le tšusumetso e matla ea ts'ebeliso ea litšila mohatong, ho tšoarella ha ho hlatsuoa hoa ntlafala, hape ho ka thibela mobu hore o se ke oa beha bokaholimo ba ntho. Ka hona, batho ba lula ba nahana hore lisepa tse nang le thepa e ntle e nang le phophomang li na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho tlosa litšila. Ka hona, li-detergent tse ngata tsa metsi li tla fokotsa khatello ea pompo ea jet mme ha li loketse ho hlatsoa. Ka hona, mefuta ea non-ionic e tlase e phophomang e lokela ho sebelisoa ntlheng ena. Ha e sebetse.
6. ts'ebetsong
Solubilization e bua ka phello ea li-surfactants ho eketsa ho qhibiliha ha lintho tse qhibilihang hampe kapa tse sa qhalaneng metsing. Mohlala, ho qhibiliha ha benzene ka metsing ke 0.09% (karoloana ea molumo). Haeba li-surfactants (joalo ka sodium oleate) li eketsoa, ho qhibiliha ha benzene Ho ka eketsoa ho 10%.
Phello ea solubilization e ke ke ea aroloa ho li-micelles tse entsoeng ke li-surfactants ka metsing. Micelles ke micelles e entsoeng ke liketane tsa hydrocarbon ka limolek'hule tse sebetsang hantle tse tsamaeang haufi ka tharollo ea metsi ka lebaka la tšebelisano ea hydrophobic. Bokantle ba micelle ehlile ke hydrocarbon ea mokelikeli, ka hona li-solute tsa manyolo tse seng polar tse kang benzene le oli ea diminerale e sa qhibiliheng ka metsing ho bonolo ho e qhala ka har'a micelle. Solubilization ke ts'ebetso ea micelles e qhala lintho tsa lipophilic. Ke phello e ikhethang ea li-surfactants. Ka hona, ke feela ha mohokahanyi oa motho ea sebetsanang le tharollo a le kaholimo ho mohopolo oa micelle, ho na le li-micelles tse kholo tharollong. Solubilization e etsahala feela ha nako, 'me ha e le kholo bophahamo ba modumo ea micelle, e le matla a ho rarolla mathata.
Solubilization e fapane le emulsification. Emulsification ke sistimi e khaotsang le e sa tsitsang ea mekhahlelo e mengata e fumanoang ka ho hasanya karolo ea metsi ka metsing (kapa karolo e 'ngoe ea mokelikeli), ha solubilization e fella ka hore tharollo e qhibilihisitsoeng le ntho e qhibilihisitsoeng li tsamaisong e le' ngoe e ts'oanang e ts'oanang ebile e tsitsitse mohato. Ka linako tse ling motho ea sebetsang ka tsela e ts'oanang le eena o na le litlamorao tsa emulsification le solubilization, empa ke feela ha mahloriso a eona a le kaholimo ho mohopolo oa micelle o ka ba le litlamorao tsa solubilization.
7. e boreleli ebile e boreleli
Ha limolek'hule tse sebetsang hantle li hokahane le bokaholimo ba lesela, sekhahla se amanang le ho tsitsipana ha lesela se ka fokotsoa. Joalo ka linear alkyl polyol polyoxyethylene ether, guttate alkyl fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether le tse ling tse sa sebetseng li-surfactants le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-surfactants tsa cationic li na le phello ea ho fokotsa sekhahla se ts'oanang sa likhohlano sa lesela, hore se tle se sebelisoe e le se nolofatsang masela. Li-surfactants tse nang le li-alkyl tse nang le li-branched kapa lihlopha tse nkhang hamonate ha li khone ho etsa tatellano e ntle holim'a lesela, ka hona ha li tšoanelehe hore li ka sebelisoa e le bonolo.
Phello ea mantlha
Li-surfactants tse ling tsa anionic le li-quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants li bonolo ho monya metsi ebe li theha tharollo ea mokokotlo holim'a lesela, ka hona li na le litlamorao tsa antistatic mme li sebelisoa e le mahlahana a antistatic bakeng sa masela a fiber ea lik'hemik'hale. 9. phello ea baktheria
Quaternary ammonium bactericides e na le thepa ea metsoako ea ionic. Li qhibiliha habonolo metsing empa eseng ka li-solvent tse seng polar, 'me li na le thepa e tsitsitseng ea lik'hemik'hale. Mechini e sebetsang ea mofuta ona oa libaktheria e sebelisoa haholo ke matla a motlakase, matla a kopanyang a hydrogen le tlamo ea hydrophobic lipakeng tsa limolek'hule tse sebetsang hantle le limolek'hule tsa liprotheine, jj., Ho phatlalatsa libaktheria tse lefisitsoeng hampe le ho li baka hore li bokelle leboteng la sele, ho baka lysis le tlhahiso . Kamore ea tšitiso ea kamore e baka kholo ea baktheria ho thibeloa le lefu. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sehlopha sa eona sa hydrophobic alkyl se ka sebelisana le sehlopha sa hydrophilic sa libaktheria ho fetola ho phatloha ha lera, ebe se etsoa lysis, se senya sebopeho sa sele, mme se baka ho senyeha ha sele le lefu. Mofuta ona oa fungicides o na le ts'ebetso e phahameng, chefo e tlase, ha o na pokello, chefo e lekanang ea ho tšoasa litlhapi, ha e angoe habonolo ke liphetoho tsa pH, e bonolo ho e sebelisa, e na le phello e matla ea ho phunya lera la mamina, mme e na le thepa e tsitsitseng ea lik'hemik'hale, ho hasana le ts'enyeho thibelo Mosebetsi o motle le litšobotsi tse ling.
Ho tloha ha ho sibolloa ha phello ea baktheria ea li-cationic surfactants ka 1935, lihlahisoa tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6 tsa lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tsa letsoai tsa ammonium li se li entsoe ho fihlela joale. Moloko oa pele ke alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, jj .; moloko oa bobeli ke sehlahisoa sa moloko oa pele, se etsoang ka lesale la benzene kapa naetrojene ea quaternary ea letsoai la quaternary la ammonium le fumanoang ka karabelo ea sebaka: sehlahisoa sa moloko oa boraro ke dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, joalo ka didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, jj .; moloko oa bone ke sehlahisoa se kopaneng sa moloko oa pele le oa boraro; E kentsoe matsoai a habeli a quaternary ammonium joalo ka: ethylene bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), ke tsa li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa gemini kapa dimer.
Quaternary ammonium bactericide ha e na feela phello ea bactericidal, empa hape e na le phello e matla ea ho ebola slime. E ka bolaea libaktheria tse fokotsang sulfate tse melang tlasa sekontiri. E boetse e na le phello e thibelang kutu le tšebelisano ha e sebelisoa le mahlahana a mang. Tse tloaelehileng ke 1227 (dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), 1231 (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, 1427 (leshome le metso e mene ea Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradececoni
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